What enabled monarchs (a single leader of a civilization) to build powerful kingdoms in Africa?

The were created by men who became wealthy because of the gold-salt trade. They were extremely cunning, extremely lucky, or both. Their wealth gave them power turning them and their descendants into powerful lords of land and people.Monarchy is a political system in which supreme authority is vested in the monarch, an individual ruler who functions as head of state. It typically acts as a political-administrative organization and as a social group of nobility known as “court society.”However, only three are currently sovereign, while the remaining are sub-national monarchies.

b.provides a written record of the transaction

what are the options mate?

explanation:

not to be rude or anything but, nobody can really answer that if you don't add the options sorry if it came of rude uwu