How have proxy wars affected the Middle East over the long term? A. They have led to the creation of OPEC to defend Arab interests against foreign intervention.
B. They have led to political instability across the region, stunting economic development and leading to emigration.
C. They have led many states to become secular because shifting political loyalties have resulted in spiritual cynicism.
D. They have led to the consolidation of larger political unions as a means of self-defense.