As business increased, and the city grew with rapid strides, the necessities of the poor became the opportunity of their
wealthier neighbors, and the stamp was set upon the old
houses, suddenly become valuable, which the best thought
and effort of a later age have vainly struggled to efface.
Their large rooms were partitioned into several smaller
ones, without regard to light or ventilation, the rate of rent
being lower in proportion to space or height from the
street; and they soon became filled from cellar to garret
with a class of tenantry living from hand to mouth, loose in
morals, improvident in habits, degraded, and squalid as
beggary itself" It was thus the dark bedroom, prolific of
untold depravities, came into the world.
-Jacob A. Riis, How the Other Half Lives, 1890
Which development most likely contributed to the conditions described by
Riis?
O A. Railroads connected cities and markets from coast to coast.
making it easier for new immigrants to migrate between shifting
employment opportunities.
O B. Mechanization shifted urban employment to largely unskilled
labor, and new immigrants provided a ready pool of low-wage
workers
O C. The Homestead Act encouraged people to start farms in the West,
and new immigrants fleeing hardship craved their own land.
OD. Urban factory workers demanded immigration restrictions to
protect their jobs from new immigrants willing to work for lower
wages

answer: b.

explanation:

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from the religious point of view, the conflicts began because of the enmity between catholic and protestants. in 1649, at the insistence of baltimore, the colonial assembly approved the act of religious tolerance, the first law in the colonies granting freedom of worship, though only for christians. in 1654, however, with the protestants of maryland in the majority, the act was revoked. the almost civil war broke out and order was not restored until 1658, when lord baltimore was returned to power.

on the issue of class conflict, the chesapeake region offered few economic opportunities to contract employees who had served their term of obligation. even with the small amount of capital needed to grow tobacco, former hired servants at best became subsistence farmers, a mature class for those called to rebellion, such as those proposed by nathaniel bacon. as the number of new hired workers declined because of limited chances of progress and reports of severe treatment, they were replaced by african slaves.

from the racial point of view, after 1660, the chesapeake colonies imposed laws that defined slavery as a lifelong and hereditary condition based on race. this made slaves profitable because planters could rely not only on their work but also on their children. the slave population, which numbered four thousand in virginia and maryland in 1675, grew significantly by the end of the century.