The central authority that connected most of Europe during the Middle Ages was.. a. Feudal Landowners
b. The Church
c. the monarchy established by Charlemagne.
d. The legacy of Rome

states began imposing duties on each other's goods. congress had no way to raise money for an army to expel them.

the award is named for an american naval historian and theorist, rear admiral alfred thayer mahan, united states navy who, through his writing, provided stimulus and guidance to those who share in the defense of the nation.