Whatvis one of the defining characteristics of the modern era

In the west, the definining feature of the modern era is the development of all forces of modernity, i.e., science, reason, democracy, liberty and equality. Medieval is in fact a term that is used to describe a societal period that lacked all these features.

a historian researching the immigration policies of the early 1900s would expect a source written today,rather than in 1910 to :

( a ) be more interested in objective data and statistics.

if it were me, i would pick c. c is the best answer because it's basically saying go on a non-violent strike for india