Which does not describe Pericles? a leader who helped spread democracy

a ruthless leader ostracized by the citizens of Athens

a sponsor of building projects in Athens, and a supporter of the arts

an Athenian general elected to oversee the city’s defenses

Pericles belonged to one of the noblest families of Athens, the Alcmeônidas.  For this reason, we can describe him as a leader who helped spread democracy, a sponsor of construction projects in Athens, an arts supporter, and an Athenian general elected to oversee the city's defenses.

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in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".