How did the new ideas and scientific advances of the Renaissance challenge the Catholic Church? o New merchant guilds formed by the middle class owed allegiance to the leaders of the Renaissance rather than the Catholic
Church.
O New Renaissance universities, which emphasized scientific research, gave most citizens educational opportunites that
challenged the religious institutions.
o Individualism and humanist ideas from the Renaissance challenged citizens to seek answers for themselves rather than from
religious institutions.
Feudal noble landowners accepted the scientific advances of the Renaissance that were supported by the Catholic Church