What are some of the challenges faced by nations today, and how do they combat these challenges?

 Things like co-vid-19 are challenges faced, and vaccines are what they use to get rid of it, pollution is another issue, solar energy is a combat for the issue, littering is another issue, and cleaning up is the way to solve it, running out of resources; Recycling to reuse the items.

Explanation:

b: the establishment clause  

b: socialism  

international economic development agencies harm poorer nations by encouraging them to serve as exporters to wealthier nations.