What were the key elements of radical reconstruction?

The postwar Radical Republicans were motivated by three main factors: Revenge — a desire among some to punish the South for causing the war. Concern for the freedmen — some believed that the federal government had a role to play in the transition of freedmen from slavery to freedom.

Explanation:

small european communities with shared traditions consolidated into large new states (apex)

a. poison gas was sprayed over battlefields by airplanes to weaken enemy positions before major attacks.