Read the passage. The term "railroad” as used in this act shall include all bridges and ferries used or operated in connection with any railroad, and also all the road in use by any corporation operating a railroad, whether owned or operated under a contract, agreement, or lease; and the term "transportation” shall include all instrumentalities of shipment or carriage.

All charges made for any service rendered or to be rendered in the transportation of passengers or property as aforesaid, or in connection therewith, or for the receiving, delivering, storage, or handling of such property, shall be reasonable and just; and every unjust and unreasonable charge for such service is prohibited and declared to be unlawful.

–Interstate Commerce Act, 1887

The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) faced which of the following challenges?

A hostile Supreme Court tended to side against the ICC when railroads sued over the commission’s regulation.
The farmer-labor activists who lobbied for the Interstate Commerce Act were disappointed by its final form and petitioned for its repeal.
President Cleveland favored the interests of the railroads over those of the ICC and vetoed a number of the ICC’s regulatory actions.
Rampant corruption among ICC members resulted in few effective regulatory actions.