Supporters of the Dawes Act of 1887 said the law would help American Indians become landowners and farmers. help American Indians by freeing them from reservations. O harm American Indians by offering them unproductive land. harm American Indians by giving their land to homesteaders.​

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful