By 1916, conflict on the western front:2 points had settled into a deadly stalemate in which hundreds of thousands of lives were expended for a few feet of trench. had resulted in the surrender of France and the establishment of the Vichy government. had resulted in victory for the British and French troops who pushed the exhausted enemy to the borders of Germany. had become a shifting game of rapid maneuver with few major battles. caused the Germans to open a second front in Italy.