During the 19th century, the powerful nations of Europe "carved up" Africa into colonies and territories. Before colonization, how were the borders in Africa established? A:Borders were maintained by military leaders who worked to separate religious groups.
B:Borders generally did not exist before the colonization of Africa.
C:Borders were determined by allegiance to a central leader or a community.
D:Borders were formed by rivers, mountains and other geographic features.