What contributed most directly to the national mood, as interpreted by Carter? uncertainty caused by the end of the Cold War
stagflation, long gas lines, and distrust of government after Watergate
pride in the successes of the civil rights movement
the booming economy and a surge in civic participation

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

abraham lincoln, according to anyone who was connected with agriculture, represented the worst of northern politicians. shortly after lincoln was elected, south carolina seceded from the union. they along with other southern states, retained their anger. in a way, it was their own fault: the democrats were split in the south. some wanted slavery to be extended in other states that were about to join the union and some didn't want it badly enough. lincoln had a solid backing from his party: the republicans were united in not wanting slavery to be expanded.

yup! you are correct it is b.