1. Why did the Tokugawa shogunate close Japan to foreign influence?

The main cause for Japan's isolationism was to avert the spread of Christianity. Several Edicts were issued throughout the early years of the Tokugawa Shogunate, declaring isolation, Each edict grew more and more forceful in its condemnation of Christianity

d) in the state of iowa

monopolies  came to the united states with the colonial administration. the large-scale public works needed to make the new world hospitable to old world immigrants required large companies to carry them out. these companies were granted exclusive contracts for these works by the colonial administrators. even after the american revolution, many of these colonial holdovers still functioned due to the contracts and land

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