Example of one challenge to change.

political
economic
social

Political changes are perhaps the most common way to enact change in a nation, because these changes almost always bring about social and economic changes. 

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful