Apolitics organization that holds authority over a specific territory is called a.

a. tributary

b. exclave

c. annex

d. state

D. state

Explanation:

A State is a political organization constituted by stable bureaucratic institutions, through which it exercises the monopoly of the use of force (sovereignty) applied to a population within established territorial limits.

Many human societies have been governed by states for millennia, however, most people in prehistory lived in stateless societies. The first states arose some 5500 years ago along with the rapid growth of cities, the invention of writing and the codification of new forms of religion. Over time, a variety of different forms developed, employing a variety of justifications for their existence (such as divine right, social contract theory, etc.). Today, however, the modern nation-state is the predominant form of state to which people are subject.

answer: b.

explanation:

to reform the distraught soviet union, the democratization of the communist party was promoted through party secretary mikhail gorbachev's policies of “perestroika” and “glasnost.” perestroika refers to the reconstruction of the political and economic system established by the communist party.