“the acomas fought with tremendous bravery, but they could not repel an invader who had the advantage of muskets, armor, and artillery. when it became clear they were losing, the official spanish account says that many indians threw themselves into the burning houses or off the cliffs, and that some warriors rushed about murdering their wives and children rather than surrender. what is more likely, however, is that the spanish themselves did most of the killing and burning.” preston, douglas j. cities of gold: a journey across the american southwest in pursuit of coronado. new york: simon & schuster, 1992. print.
14. the incident described in the excerpt is most directly the result of:
a. the belligerent nature of american indians toward the spanish
b. an isolated incident of spanish abuse of the american indian population
c. a general unwillingness of american indians to coexist with spanish explorers
d. aggressive efforts by the spanish to convert americans indians, and challenges to fundamental social views