Which of the following best describes the government of athens before democracy? 1. anarchy 2. monarchy 3.dictatorship 4.feudalism

2. monarchy

Explanation:

This type of democracy began in Ancient Greece, specifically in the city-state (known as polis) of Athens, in the sixth century BC. C .. That is why it is often referred to as Athenian democracy, this being the first documented democracy in history. He had a relatively long life in comparison with the current liberal democracies, since one can speak of the democratic era in Athens since the reforms of Cleisthenes around 508 BC. C. until the suppression of the democratic institutions because of the Macedonian hegemony in 322 a. C. It is also necessary to mention as antecedent the timocratic system established in Athens by the Constitution of Solon in the year 594 a. C.

During democracy, Athens experienced its greatest splendor. However, the Democracy had to overcome painful tests. The two largest state cities of Greece, Sparta and Athens, declared war. Athens had allied itself with a certain number of cities in the Aegean Sea, which had to pay tribute. Sparta used this as a pretext and declared war, later Athens was besieged. The plague ravaged Athens, and among the many dead was Pericles.

However, even after the end of the Peloponnesian War and the defeat of Athens, Athenian democracy lasted until 322 BC. C., year in which the Macedonian supremacy ended democratic institutions.

After the end of Athenian democracy, direct democracy is very rare, but today it is considered that it is very difficult to implement in larger populations because it requires a lot of time to govern and leaves little to work. However, it can still be seen in small towns, such as Spain, where there are municipalities with an open Council.

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from thales, who is often considered the first western philosopher, to the stoics and skeptics, ancient greek philosophy opened the doors to a particular way of thinking that provided the roots for the western intellectual tradition. here, there is often an explicit preference for the life of reason and rational thought. we find proto-scientific explanations of the natural world in the milesian thinkers, and we hear democritus posit atoms—indivisible and invisible units—as the basic stuff of all matter. with socrates comes a sustained inquiry into ethical matters—an orientation towards human living and the best life for human beings. with plato comes one of the most creative and flexible ways of doing philosophy, which some have since attempted to imitate by writing philosophical dialogues covering topics still of interest today in ethics, political thought, metaphysics, and epistemology. plato’s student, aristotle, was one of the most prolific of ancient authors. he wrote treatises on each of these topics, as well as on the investigation of the natural world, including the composition of animals. the hellenists—epicurus, the cynics, the stoics, and the skeptics—developed schools or movements devoted to distinct philosophical lifestyles, each with reason at its foundation.

with this preference for reason came a critique of traditional ways of living, believing, and thinking, which sometimes caused political trouble for the philosophers themselves. xenophanes directly challenged the traditional anthropomorphic depiction of the gods, and socrates was put to death for allegedly inventing new gods and not believing in the gods mandated by the city of athens. after the fall of alexander the great, and because of aristotle’s ties with alexander and his court, aristotle escaped the same fate as socrates by fleeing athens. epicurus, like xenophanes, claimed that the mass of people is impious, since the people conceive of the gods as little more than superhumans, even though human characteristics cannot appropriately be ascribed to the gods. in short, not only did ancient greek philosophy pave the way for the western intellectual tradition, including modern science, but it also shook cultural foundations in its own time.