How did geography influence the development of civilization in ancient greece?

 In lots of ways! Here are some logical effects: 
- Greece=lots of mountains 
=>dependent on the sea and trade => shipbuilding is big 
=>poor roads => isolated city-states rather than empires 
=>availability of metals and stone 
-no large rivers, poor-ish soil => fewer crops=>smaller cities 
=> democratic government works better in small towns 
=>hunter-gatherers have trouble getting food 
=>development of sedentary cultures, civilization, husbandry, intensive agri-/horti- culture (It takes a decade for an olive tree to grow!) 
=>not many strong hostile nomadic tribes 
-warm climate 
=>people spend more time outside 
=>public gatherings 
=>entertainment/arts 
=>popular politics 
You could go on for a long time - but, perhaps most importantly: 
-Greece = proximity to major trade routes!! 
Phoenicians Etruscans, then Romans Asia Minor 
Even Egypt, actually