The u. s. and australia have refused to sign the kyoto protocol
because the agreement was drafted in secret
in protest of communist member states like cuba
because the protocol challenges the un
because they think it will have a negative effect on their economies

it wanted to boycott trade with enemy nations.

for starters, there is the structural trend of rising primary government expenditure as a share of gdp, which reached 36% in 2014, up from 22% in 1991. this increase reflected a political desire to address the poverty and inequality that had gone unaddressed during previous decades. to support the increase, brazil’s government increased taxes on consumption and promoted progress toward labor-market formalization. nonetheless, public investment, particularly in infrastructure, took a hit. in fact, with the exception of the 2005-2008 period, total investment as a share of gdp has remained below 20% since 1991.