Which of the following factors might influence a judge's decision as to how to resolve a case before him or her? a. the philosophy of judicial restraint b. the philosophy of judicial activism c. the principle of "stare decisis" d. all of the above are factors involved in judicial decision-making

The answer is C, the principles of "stare decisis". Lawful formalism holds that judges apply lawful motivations to the certainties of a case in a normal, mechanical, and deliberative way. Conversely, legitimate realists contend that the normal utilization of lawful reasons does not adequately clarify the choices of judges and that mental, political, and social elements impact legal decisions.