Which civil rights leader is credited with raising the self-esteem of black americans, reconnecting them with their african heritage, and is responsible for the spread of islam in the black community in the united states in the 1960s?
a) malcolm x
b) marcus garvey
c) louis farrakhan
d) martin luther king, jr.

A) Malcolm X

Malcolm X (1925-1965) was an African American leader, and Muslim, public speaker, active organizer, and advocator of African people's pride.

From 1955 to 1965, during the Civil Right Movement, he devoted himself to harshly critic American society, he preached in streets and major universities. He expressed the discontent of African American who were still treated unequal, he treated issues such as black identity, integrity, and independence and urged his followers to defend themselves, even if it meant to be violent.

He was also an important element in Nation of Islam in the early 1960s. This was an African American organization (1930), which promoted traditional Islam teachings with black nationalist ideas, such as racial unity, self-help, justice etc. As a leader in this organization, Malcolm also helped to change the terms used to refer to African Americans from “Negro” and “colored” to “black” and “Afro-American.”

2018 means 2018 ce or common era

there have been other eras too including bce, which included way more years.