Which of the following was not one of the effects of reformation efforts?

a. there was a renewed interest in education.

b. marriages became public affairs, giving women more rights.

c. convents were no longer open to protestant women.

d. the catholic church started selling indulgences.

D. The Catholic Church started selling indulgences.

In 911, a group of vikings lead by rollo besieged paris and chartres. after a victory near chartres on 26 august, charles decided to negotiate with rollo. the talks were led by hervé, the archbishop of reims. this resulted in the treaty of saint-clair-sur-epte, which granted rollo and his soldiers all the land between the river epte and the sea. it also granted him brittany, "for his livelihood". at the time, brittany was an independent land which france had not been able to conquer. in exchange, rollo promised the king his loyalty and military assistance when needed. also rollo also agreed to be baptised and to marry gisela, the king's daughter. the territory given rollo is about the same as upper normandy.