Which document, dating back to 1215, limited the powers of the king and gave citizens certain rights they did not have before?

Magna Carta (Latin for "Great Charter," literally "Great Paper"), also called Magna Carta Libertatum ("Great Charter of Freedoms"), is an English charter originally issued in 1215. Magna Carta was the most significant early influence on the long historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law today. Magna Carta influenced many common law documents, such as the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights, and is considered one of the most important legal documents in the history of democracy.

Magna Carta was originally created because of disagreements between Pope Innocent III, King John, and his English barons about the rights of the King. Magna Carta required the king to renounce certain rights, respect certain legal procedures and accept that "the will of the king could be bound by law." Many clauses were renewed throughout the Middle Ages, and further during the Tudor and Stuart periods, and the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. By the early nineteenth century, most clauses had been repealed from English law.

There are a number of popular misconceptions about Magna Carta, such as that it was the first document to limit the power of an English king by law (it was not the first, and was partly based on the Charter of Liberties); that it in practice limited the power of the king (it mostly did not in the Middle Ages); and that it is a single static document (it is a variety of documents referred to under a common name). Nonetheless, rights established by the Magna Carta have subsequently become fundamental principles of international human rights and it can be argued that democratic societies developed as a long-term consequence of this charter.

the respondent is the party against whom a petition is filed

the answer as multiple choice is c

africa, the second-largest continent, is bounded by the mediterranean sea, the red sea, the indian ocean, and the atlantic ocean. it is divided in half almost equally by the equator. the continent includes the islands of cape verde, madagascar, mauritius, seychelles, and comoros.

africa’s physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.

the origin of the name “africa” is greatly disputed by scholars. most believe it stems from words used by the phoenicians, greeks, and romans. important words include the egyptian word afru-ika, meaning “motherland”; the greek word aphrike, meaning “without cold”; and the latin word aprica, meaning “sunny.”

today, africa is home to more countries than any other continent in the world. these countries are: morocco, western sahara (morocco), algeria, tunisia, libya, egypt, sudan, chad, niger, mali, mauritania, senegal, the gambia, guinea-bissau, guinea, sierra leone, liberia, côte d’ivoire, ghana, burkina faso, togo, benin, nigeria, cameroon, central africa republic, equatorial guinea, gabon, congo, democratic republic of the congo, angola, namibia, botswana, south africa, lesotho, swaziland, mozambique, zimbabwe, zambia, malawi, tanzania, rwanda, burundi, uganda, kenya, somalia, ethiopia, djibouti, eritrea and the island countries of cape verde, madagascar, mauritius, seychelles, and comoros.

the link to that is ^

copy and paste onto your browser (: