Which action is the president acting as chief of party

Is karma the same as destiny, in the sense that everything that happens to you is predetermined? do you believe that "what goes around comes around," and if so is this the same as karma? does everyone get what they deserve, in the end?

In which supreme court case did the court rely on the concept of implied powers to make its ruling? a) gibson v. ogden b) mcculloch v. maryland c) dartmouth college v. woodward d marbury v. madison

Name at least three countries neaolpeon controlled