After the removal of troops from the south, whites disenfranchised african americans, or 1 voted african americans into political office. 2 prevented african americans from joining parties. 3 took away african americans’ right to vote. 4 granted african americans the right to vote.

3 took away African Americans’ right to vote.

Explanation:

In 1890 Mississippi adopted another constitution, which contained arrangements for voter enrollment which required voters settle survey government expenses and breeze through a literacy test. The education test was abstractly connected by white overseers, and the two arrangements successfully disenfranchised most blacks and numerous poor whites.

The sacred arrangements endure a Supreme Court challenge in Williams v. Mississippi. Other southern states immediately received new constitutions and what they called the "Mississippi plan."

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