The use of literacy tests during the post-reconstruction years was primarily an attempt to drive which group out of politics? it is a timed test ! women immigrants democrats african americans

A.  women

B.  immigrants

C.  Democrats

D.  African Americans

The correct answer is D ( African Americans ).

Literacy tests asses a person's literacy skills : the ability to read and write.

In the United States, literacy tests were administered to prospective voters in an attempt to drive minorities out of politics ( 1850-1960).

Many states required potential voters to pass literacy tests in order to be allowed to vote. This was a tool designed to deny the voting rights  to many poor, uneducated African Americans. Literacy tests, poll taxes and residency restriction were some of the measures used to make sure African American were not allowed to vote, thus not participating in the country's politics.

when studying cause and effect, historians usually group the causes into different categories. for example, cultural causes reflect how a society’s literature and art convey the way the society saw itself in relation to the rest of the world. another resource that historians use to understand society is pop culture, which tells them the trends and ideas that are preferred by the common people. when studying cause and effect, it’s important to remember multiple causation, or the idea that an effect could have several causes and vice versa.  

the correct option is “cultural causes” since art and literature are related to the culture of a place. culture is determined by literature, art, music.

the correct option is “pop culture” since it reflects the likes and ideas of common people whereas the rest of the options do not focus on common people.  

the correct option is “multiple causation” since it refers to the idea that events are caused by multiple reasons, not just a single one.