Was the devastation of pearl harbor a result of american unpreparedness, or of superior japanese planning?

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor began just before 8AM on Sunday, December 7, 1941. Within a short time, five of eight battleships at Pearl Harbor were sunk or sinking, with the rest damaged. Several other ships and most Hawaii-based combat planes were also knocked out, and over 2,400 Americans were dead.

To be honest i thinks its between the first answer and the third answer