What was the result of the military campaigns napoleon led in italy

In the first half of the 20th century,literacy tests,poll taxes, and grandfather clauses were passed by the southern states in order to

Jacksonian democracy promoted new methods of political campaigning. one such technique was mudslinging. what was its effect on the presidential candidates?

Identify and explain one piece of evidence to show how the european nearest some contributed to the role of europeans in the indian ocean trade