Which was not a common reason for jewish migration in the middle ages.?
a. retaking the holy land
b. avoiding persecution
c. being blamed for the plague
d. avoiding the crusaders

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful