Plz answer these., need to know quick

!pls! 50 pts! in the first years of the united states under the constitution, the first political parties started to develop. this ran against the hopes and expectations of many people who had written the constitution. write a brief essay in which you attempt to explain why the country may have been better off without political parties.

One day as your professor is driving to work, another driver runs through a red light and hits his car. the professor is shaken up but survives the accident. however, the next time he starts to enter the intersection,he becomes nervous and fearful. soon,he starts going to work via another route to avoid the intersection even though this route adds twenty minutes to his commute in each direction. according to the principles of classical conditioning, why does the professor become scared of the previously harmless intersection? what can he do about this, as going via other route is very time consuming? be specific. break down the situation into its parts and show how the principles of learning apply.

What role did the alliance system play in preventing austria-hungary and serbia from coming to a compromise settlement?