All of the following led to the panic of 1819 except:
a. excessive credit on real estate resulting in defaulted loans.
b. there was an increase in american manufacturing during the war along with the stress of postwar british competition.
c. the rise and fall of the american farming economy.
d. there were additional threats of attack from both the french and the british.

radioactive dating, also known as  radioisotope dating  is a process that in  estimating the approximate  age  of  rocks. these data can be analyzed from  the studies dealing with the  decay of the radioactive elements that are present in these rocks. in nature, there are a few types of materials or atoms which are quite unstable and they spontaneously decay or breakdown to form other kinds of atoms.

england is crowded cold and polluted while north america was like the opposite