Herbert spencer used the concept of social darwinism to defend
the concepts of philanthropy and generous giving.
the rise of poverty and the mortality rates of less fortunate people.
the evolution of the human species and the will to survive.
the need for immigration and equality between the classes.

I believe the answer is: the rise of poverty and the mortality rates of less fortunate people.

Darwin popularized the concept of survival of the fittest, which conveys that eventually the organisms that manage to continue live and pass their genetic material are the organisms that are capable to adapt in their environment.

Herbert Spencer use this theory to view economic disparities in society. He believed that the less fortunate people are the one that are not smart enough to adapt and excel in society.

i believe your answer is d)

most people now work in jobs where they do one  kind  of work; they are carpenters, bankers, cooks, mechanics, and so forth. likewise, most  businesses produce  only certainkinds  of  goods  or  services, such as cars, tacos, or gardening  services. this feature of  production  is known as specialization.