How did the need for specialized metals for industtial production, as well as the need for gold, silver, and diamonds, lead to the development of exstensive mining centers?

What important discovery was made by edmond halley and alexis clairaut, using newton's ideas of mathematics and gravity? they created the scientific method to outline how science should be conducted. they were able to find the orbit of a comet and predict the year of its return. they discovered the three newest planets--uranus, neptune, and pluto. they explained why objects appear to have color.