The first civilizations arose because the conditions for farming were good. a. in the mountains b. near the sea c. in river valleys d. in the desert

B. near the sea.

Answer choices A and D are not suitable for farming, so we can rule those two out. And, farming was not done in valleys. Also in the sea, they would have plenty of food and water for eating, drinking, bathing, etc.

Hope I helped! If you have any questions in the future, feel free to ask! :)

the doctrine of nullification recommended that states living inside the union have the one-sided, inalienable ideal to void any law made by the national government that could be esteemed illegal.

the united states was shaped based on a general agreement among its individual states. hence, it is inferred that under the hypothesis of invalidation, since the states are the establishment of the union, they have the ability to referee and disprove unlawful laws.