A(n) is a request to a higher court to reexamine the judgment of a lower court.
appeal
writ of habeas corpus
circuit request
reprimand

The answer to your question is appeal. The appellate court hears such cases. Only the person who 'suffers' from a decision of a court can request an appeal; basically whoever lost the case. There is hierarchy system that needs to be followed... you start off with the smaller courts, e.g. magistrate's, then high court. The losing party can request for an appeal. The supreme court is the final stop.