1. which was the main reason that european nations competed to establish colonies along the coasts of africa in the fifteenth century? a) their desire to control eastward trade routes b) their hope to uncover westward trade routes c) their need to explore the interior of the continent d) their plans to establish missions to spread christianity

A) Their Desire to control eastward trade routes.

Explanation:

Eastern trade routes were of high importance because access to them brought high profits to the European nations. But it was a long route and therefore port stations were needed for the safety of ships and goods. The monopoly over the African Coastline proved vital for supremacy in Indian Oceans and therefore to protect their colonial interest. European nations competed to establish colonies along the coast of Africa.

bismarck believed in using force

is the correct answer!

hello!

according to the passage the most suitable options are two. the first one is "by leading the aef to victory in several key battles" like the battle of saint- mihiel and the battle of cantigny mentioned in the passage you copied here. the second one is "by the aef and allied forces defeat germany" since the passage says that his army destroy the german resistance in the meuse- argonne offensive. and also, "by insisting that the aef operate as an independent force".

hope this