What effect did the growth of chartered companies have on european economies?

The first stock exchanges were created

Explanation:

The world's first stock exchange probably came in 1487 in Bruges, Belgium, with the growth of chartered companies. Later, in 1531, the Belgian exchange, based in the negotiation of loans, was to be created in Antwerp. The earliest known actions were issued in 1602 on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange by the Dutch East India Company, which at the time monopolized colonization in Asia.

d.

many people believed they were convicted solely because they were anarchists.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts