The ottoman empire was attacked on two fronts by

a) the allied forces.
b) the central powers.
c) germany.
d) russia.

A) the Allied forces.

Explanation:

During the first months of the contest, the Ottoman Empire remained prudently in expectation, without participating in it, despite the treaties that linked it to the German Empire: the Sublime Puerta hesitated between the two sides, before opting for the Central Empires (formed first by Germany and Austria-Hungary) in October 1914. After the failure of the offensive against Egypt and the Caucasus, the empire had to face in 1915 an enemy attack against Constantinople, which could disrupt, and several attacks in Armenia, Mesopotamia and Palestine. The sultan, as caliph, a title held by the Ottoman sovereigns since the sixteenth century, called for a holy war against the Allies, but with little success. The empire did not have the means to confront a modern war and was exhausted, drowned by the enemy blockade. In the autumn of 1918, British units, better armed than the enemy, defeated the Turkish-Germans while the Bulgarian surrender left the capital defenseless, forcing the empire to capitulate.