How are all courts, except the us supreme court, established?

All courts, except the US Supreme Court, established by Congress.

 The Supreme Court was established under the article III of the Constitution, however, Congress was granted the authority to create lower federal courts whenever they are required. The Judiciary Act of 1789 established structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system.

The United States has a dual court system, since it has both a federal judiciary and state judiciaries. State courts are established by each state, and these vary from state to state.

music always has an important role in culture and societies, infact for example rock’n roll music has conditioned different areas of pop culture above all in the 60s. in the modern american society its role is different.

unfortunately many think about how some unfortunate events happened to the columbine high school shootings can be related to rock music just because the teenagers involved listened to this kind of music.

i think that we can valorize the change to take refuge in this genre of music to keep on in everyday life, teenagers are comfortable when they can listen to a song about a specific problem. realizing that someone else is living your personal drama too can them to feel less lonely nowadays.

when studying cause and effect, historians usually group the causes into different categories. for example, cultural causes reflect how a society’s literature and art convey the way the society saw itself in relation to the rest of the world. another resource that historians use to understand society is pop culture, which tells them the trends and ideas that are preferred by the common people. when studying cause and effect, it’s important to remember multiple causation, or the idea that an effect could have several causes and vice versa.  

the correct option is “cultural causes” since art and literature are related to the culture of a place. culture is determined by literature, art, music.

the correct option is “pop culture” since it reflects the likes and ideas of common people whereas the rest of the options do not focus on common people.  

the correct option is “multiple causation” since it refers to the idea that events are caused by multiple reasons, not just a single one.