3. which of the following statements about the president's judicial powers are true? select all that apply. a- the president's amnesty power pardons those who have violated the law. b- the president's can pardon himself from impeachment c- the president's commutation power reduces the length of a sentences. d- the president's clemency power can only be used in cases of offenses again a state. 4. in regard to the federal bureaucracy, the president of the united states is at the top of the executive branch hierarchy because a- he or she is an elected representative of the american people. b- it is most efficient to have one person who can make final decisions and solve conflicts. c- congress mandates that structure when it created the executive office of the president. d- the constitution makes the president the chief administrator of the federal government. 5. based on this excerpt from the student textbook, which of the following is a line agency? a- the national security council, which advises the president on national security matters b- the office of the vice president, which the vice president perform his or her duties. c- the securities and exchange commission, which oversees the nation's stock markets d- the office of the u. s trade representative, which recommends trade polices to the president.

Selecting all that apply, and adding some explanation:

3. A and C

The president's amnesty power pardons those who have violated the law. 

The president's commutation power reduces the length of a sentences. 

Article II, Section 2 of the US Constitution affirms that the President "shall have Power to Grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States." Within that authority, he can grant clemency in more than one way. A reprieve suspends the carrying out of a criminal sentence to allow the offender to seek ways to have the penalty reduced. A commutation of a sentence leaves the conviction in place but lessens the penalty (such as shortening a prison sentence). Or the President can grant a full pardon of offenses.

4. A & D

He or she is an elected representative of the American people. 

The constitution makes the president the chief administrator of the federal government.

The President (along with Vice-President) is elected by voting by all citizens, whereas other office holders in the federal government were elected on a district by district or state by state basis.

The Constitution asserts (in Article II, Section 1): "The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America." The role of chief executive means that he or she holds the primary administrative role in the federal government. We often refer to the staff of the White House as the current "administration," such as the Trump administration (in reference to the current president).

5. A & B

The national security council, which advises the president on national security matters.

The office of the vice president, which helps the vice president perform his or her duties.

A "line agency" is one that directly carries out the core functions of an organization or administration. By contrast, a "staff agency" is one that supports or aids an organization or administration in one of a variety of ways. Both the National Security Council and the Vice-President are involved directly in advancing the primary governing work of the President. The other examples given would be staff agencies, providing other types of support.

b

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