An important development or discovery in science and medicine due to industrialization was

a. salk’s development of a vaccine that could prevent polio.
b. pasteur’s discovery that disease is spread by bacteria.
c. curie’s development of the process of pasteurization.
d. jenner’s discovery of a medium for growing and identifying bacteria.

b.Pasteur’s discovery that disease is spread by bacteria.

Explanation:

The microbial theory of disease or germinal theory of infectious diseases is a scientific theory that proposes that microorganisms are the cause of a wide range of diseases. These small organisms, almost all too small to see them with naked eyes, invade humans, animals and other guests. Its growth and reproduction within the carrier can produce a disease. "Germ" or microbe can refer to a virus, bacteria, protista, fungus or prion. The microorganisms that cause diseases are called pathogens and the diseases they cause are called infectious diseases.

The germinal theory was a scientific discovery made in the second half of the nineteenth century demonstrated by Louis Pasteur and that replaced previous explanations for the disease, such as the miasmatic theory or the theory of humors. Although it was very controversial when it was proposed, it is now fundamental in modern medicine and clinical microbiology, leading to such important innovations as the development of vaccine, antibiotics, sterilization and hygiene as effective methods against the spread of contagious diseases.

An important development or discovery in science and medicine due to industrialization was  

The correct choice is b) the discovery of Louis Pasteur that diseases could be spread by bacteria.

Further Explanation:

The era of industrialization speeded up the economic recovery of modern Europe, however, it had several side effects as several workers were affected with diseases whose causes and sources went undetected. French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur pioneered the discovery of the fact that some of these diseases were caused by bacteria, who could form even in the most inhospitable situations. With this discovery, he invented the vaccines for anthrax and rabies, by introducing dead germs or much weakened forms of germs of the disease into the human body, which would enable the body to form antibodies, thereby preventing the person from falling prey to the disease. His discovery that the presence of bacteria in alcohol caused it to go sour, which led him to conclude the reason for food getting stale in warm weathers and climate. This discovery led to a milestone invention of food preservation, in a process by heating the food to a hot temperature and then allowing it to cool off. This resulted in killing any harmful bacteria that was present in the food. This process came to be known as Pasteurization, and since then, came to be applied by all food industries in food preservation technologies.  

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Chapter: The Industrial Revolution and its effects.

Subject: History.

Keywords:

Diseases, bacteria, antibodies, food preservation

a. factors that are used to make goods and services

basic principles: federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, representative democracy, limited government, rule of law, individual rights and responsibilities, consent of the governed, majority rule, popular sovereignty, equal protection.