Twelfth century italian communes eventually developed into
independent city-states
feudal estates
kingdoms ruled by strong monarchs
monasteries

the correct answer is:

b) a rich merchant.

though africans landed with few possessions, they carried their cultures, skills, and spiritual worldviews into the americas. wherever african religions took root in the new world, africans and their descendants changed and adapted their belief systems to local circumstances and influences. individual circumstances created variations in the way people practiced their faiths, what they believed, and what significance it held for their lives.

explanation:

mark brainliest!