What does swagger mean​

On the graph, the bottom horizontal line represents

What is the difference between direct learning and indirect learning? a. direct learning is independent learning that people pursue on their own. indirect learning is forced on the learner by others, such as parents or teachers. b. direct learning is forced on learners so that they'll become productive members of society. indirect learning is a voluntary action taken by the learner with the intention of becoming a productive member of society. c. when people learn culture directly, they are imitating and observing others. when people learn culture indirectly, they are being taught by someone else. d. when people learn culture directly, they are being taught by someone else. when people learn culture indirectly, they are learning through observation and imitation.

The authors of documents a and c define total war as