What is the cause and effect between the expansion of Islamic Caliphates and Ibn Battuta's travel? Pleas someone help me

It can be inferred that the dramatic increase in defense spending by germany was the result of. (a) attempts by great britain to take german colonies. ( b) fear of a two-front war against france and russia (c) the need to put down a communist rebellion (d) a competition with the allies to produce atomic weapons

Which describes a contribution from classical rome to modern western civilization? a. international gathering to celebrate sporting achievement b. written constitution based on natural rights c. large infrastructure projects to benefit the public d. direct election of the ruler by all residents of the empire

Which of these is an exclusive power of the house of representatives? to amend a bill to impeach a government official to check the power of the president to review a tax bill the senate has proposed