Why did European merchants have an economic advantage compared to Chinese merchants?

The European merchants had an economic advantage compared to those of the Chinese because the Europeans have access to money and riches (or goods).

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crop rotation kepy different plants in the soil instead of once constintly. when switching out plants you have different nutrients being absorbed at different speeds and different roots growing differently therfore the spoil and water flow have to adapt and carry fresh nutrients to carry the constant changes that were going on in the soil.

the answer is the government.