the medieval social hierarchy the role of the Christian church in medieval society the achievements of influential rulers in medieval Europe the role religion played in establishing social and political order the impact of Greco-Roman culture on medieval culture the impact of Judeo-Christian ideals on medieval culture the impact of northern European peoples upon western European medieval culture how and why the concept of private property developed important Islamic and Christian figures associated with the Crusades the course and consequences of the Crusades key figures in art, architecture, and literature during the Middle Ages the key intellectual achievements of the Middle Ages factors that led to the rise of a modern economy the growth and development of national identity in France, Spain, and England developments in medieval English legal and constitutional history and their importance to the rise of modern democratic institutions and procedures the rise and achievements of significant rulers in medieval Europe how Japan's location as an island nation impacted its development major cultural, economic, political, and religious developments in medieval Japan Japan's cultural and economic relationship to China and Korea how Japanese feudalism compared to Western European feudalism during the Middle Ages