In the Post-Classical period, European authorities, such as the Catholic Church, often restricted access to alternative ideas and beliefs. Which of the following historical developments weakened authorities’ ability to control access to alternative ideas and viewpoints?

“the battle of stalingrad is not a turning point necessarily in strategic terms, because a lot more has to be done before the soviets can be certain of defeating germany,” says renowned world war ii historian richard overy. the germans had fought nearly a thousand miles across the soviet union to get to stalingrad.

"they had a large area of land that they owned."

d. islands off the coast of newfoundland