It determined monopolies were illegal, and it increased westward expansion.
Gibbons v. Ogden
Marbury v. Madison
McCullogh v. Maryland

there has only been 12 presidents. the 12th president is/was moon jae-in

ghana achieved independence peacefully, while algeria gained independence through an armed struggle.

  the common sense as a pamphlet written by thomas paine. it promoted the independence of the colonies from british rule. the distribution of this pamphlet was great, it reached people everywhere and it was even read aloud at places people met. it also unite the colonists before the revolutionary war.

answer is d